Critical Review: Monitoring Security of Networked Control Systems: It’s the Physics

What I learned This article was my first dive into the world of Industrial Control Systems and my first security class, so I am learning a lot. An Industrial Control System (ICS) can be considered in two parts: the digital state and the analogue state. The analogue state represents the current and continuous state of […]

Data to symbols

In studying for the CWNA (107) exam, I found one topic to be glossed over repeatedly. Going from the digital data stream to the RF stream. In particular, page 361 state the following: “When 802.11a/g radios transmit at 54Mpbs, each OFDM symbol contains 288 bits; 216 of these bits are data, and 72 of the […]